孔雀石绿高效脱色菌株的筛选、鉴定与脱色特性研究

孔雀石绿应用广泛,但难以降解且对许多生物都具有致癌致畸性.从浙江温州皮革厂污泥中分离筛选到1株孔雀石绿高效脱色菌株DH-9,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,该菌株属于Enterabacter sp.属.单因素实验结果表明:当pH值在3.0~9.0时,培养24 h以后,该菌株对孔雀石绿的脱色率均在90%以上;脱色的最适温度范围为30~40℃;多数所测试碳源对脱色没有显著影响,而多数所测试氮源则对脱色有显著的促进作用;所测金属离子中,仅Cu2+和Fe3+对脱色有显著的抑制效应;此外,当接种量达到3%(V∶V,菌体干重约0.23 g·L-1)以后,12 h的脱色率即可达到90%以上.响应面设计实验结果显示,菌株DH-9对孔雀石绿脱色的最优操作条件为:pH 6.0、1.0 g·L-1的半乳糖、1.0 g·L-1的酵母粉、3.0 mmol·L-1的氯化钙以及培养温度为34.5℃.验证实验结果表明:在最优条件下,该菌株在8 h内对孔雀石绿的脱色率可达99.4%.总体而言,菌株DH-9在孔雀石绿脱色中的实际应用潜能较大.     

生态经济城市建设的SWOT分析与策略研究——以粤北山区韶关市为研究样本

生态经济城市通过城市生态、经济与社会系统的动态协调,形成一个生态高度有效保护、经济良性高效发展、人与自然和谐相处的整体功能系统,代表了现代和未来城市发展的方向.作为全国首批六个生态文明建设试点地区之一和广东省的生态发展区,韶关市加快生态经济城市建设符合这一发展潮流和趋势.根据SWOT分析方法,对韶关市生态经济城市建设面临的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行分析,不仅为韶关生态经济城市建设提供策略依据,而且为其它类似地区的生态经济城市建设提供借鉴.     

上海市环保行政审批系统的设计与实现

上海市环保局行政审批系统采用流程控制和数据传输交换技术,构建了申报系统、审批系统、业务管理系统、跟踪监控系统四部分,实现了包括建设项目环评、固废、辐射等15项行政审批和23项非行政审批事项的“一口受理、一办到底”,通过信息技术实现了外网申报、内网审批,实现了环保审批流程优化再造和审批全过程公开透明,实现了“便民审批”、“高效审批”、“阳光审批”。     

Warm forming die design,Part II: Parting surface temperature response characterization of a novel thermal finite element modeling code

The majority of the research activities in the area of warm forming are concentrated on demonstrating or simulating the improved formability associated with forming lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures. However, the ability to design the proper thermal management system within the forming tool is a critical aspect to delivering this technology as a viable, stable production alternative to traditional stamping. This work begins to address the thermal stability issues of this process by examining the impact of process cycle time on the parting surface temperature response. Cycle times of 10, 15, 30, and 300 s were evaluated using a reciprocating surface and a self-heated experimental block of 1020 steel fitted with resistance cartridge heaters. The presented results indicate that cycle time does not significantly impact the steady-state temperature response at the parting surface for a well-insulated die that has proper thermal management. Parting surface experimental results were compared to values obtained numerically and through the use of the novel thermal finite element analysis software PASSAGE/Forming^®.     

重质油储罐固定式泡沫灭火系统设计优化研究

通过重质油储罐的实体火灭火试验,获得了氟蛋白泡沫液和水成膜泡沫液的供给强度与灭火时间对应关系数据,确定了每种泡沫液扑救重质油储罐火灾的最低泡沫供给强度;以10 000 m3固定顶重质油储罐为例进行了泡沫系统设计计算,将优化设计方案与原有设计方案进行了对比,主要变化是泡沫发生器数量从4只提高至6~8只,泡沫主管线管径从DN200提高至DN250,泡沫消防泵流量也相应提高。优化后的储罐泡沫灭火系统提高了泡沫灭火能力,提升了系统的可靠性,降低了储罐火灾风险。     

Ethanol mediated As(III) adsorption onto Zn-loaded pinecone biochar: Experimental investigation, modeling, and optimization using hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm approach

Organic matters (OMs) and their oxidization products often influence the fate and transport of heavy metals in the subsurface aqueous systems through interaction with the mineral surfaces. This study investigates the ethanol (EtOH)-mediated As(III) adsorption onto Zn-loaded pinecone (PC) biochar through batch experiments conducted under Box–Behnken design. The effect of EtOH on As(III) adsorption mechanism was quantitatively elucidated by fitting the experimental data using artificial neural network and quadratic modeling approaches. The quadratic model could describe the limiting nature of EtOH and pH on As(III) adsorption, whereas neural network revealed the stronger influence of EtOH (64.5%) followed by pH (20.75%) and As(III) concentration (14.75%) on the adsorption phenomena. Besides, the interaction among process variables indicated that EtOH enhances As(III) adsorption over a pH range of 2 to 7, possibly due to facilitation of ligand–metal(Zn) binding complexation mechanism. Eventually, hybrid response surface model–genetic algorithm (RSM–GA) approach predicted a better optimal solution than RSM, i.e., the adsorptive removal of As(III) (10.47 μg/g) is facilitated at 30.22 mg C/L of EtOH with initial As(III) concentration of 196.77 μg/L at pH 5.8. The implication of this investigation might help in understanding the application of biochar for removal of various As(III) species in the presence of OM.     

Pseudomonas sp. ZXY-1, a newly isolated and highly efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium, and optimization of biodegradation using response surface methodology

Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model(R~2= 0.9821) being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions(30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%(V/V) inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration).Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.     

流体剪切与超声空化破解剩余污泥的参数优化

为提高剩余污泥的破解效果并降低能耗,采用FS（fluid shear,流体剪切）、UC（ultrasonic cavitation,超声空化）、FS和UC联合工艺（FS-UC,UC-FS）破解剩余污泥,并应用单因素试验结合响应面法对联合工艺进行优化.结果表明:FS对剩余污泥破解效果一般,只在开始阶段具有较好效果,随作用时间延长,破解效果未有显著提高甚至下降.UC对剩余污泥破解效果明显,随作用时间延长,破解效果显著提升,但能耗也随之增大,EDR（energy disintegration ratio,效能比）明显下降.相同作用时间下,UC破解效果优于FS破解效果,UC破解剩余污泥的DD_COD（degree of disintegration,破解率）与EDR均明显高于FS方法.单因素试验得出的较优FS作用时间范围为2~8 min,较优UC作用时间范围为5~15 min.响应面法试验结果显示,联合工艺的剩余污泥破解效果和能量利用率均优于单一方法,联合工艺中FS-UC工艺的破解效果优于UC-FS工艺.FS-UC工艺的最佳参数:FS处理5.6 min再UC处理15.0 min,该条件下剩余污泥实际DD_COD为50.8%,EDR为26.8%.UC-FS工艺的最佳参数:先UC作用15.0 min再FS作用7.8 min,该条件下剩余污泥实际DD_COD为36.5%,EDR为17.1%.研究显示,以DD_COD和EDR为指标,4种工艺的高效性顺序为FS-UC > UC-FS > UC > FS,其中FS-UC工艺具有能耗低、破解效率高的特点,是4种工艺中剩余污泥破解效果最好的一种工艺.      

GJB 4239—2001在航空型号研制中的应用

结合GJB 4239—2001《装备环境工程通用要求》在航空重点型号研制中应用案例和工作经验,系统地阐述了环境工程技术体系在立项论证阶段、工程研制阶段和设计定型阶段的实现方式,并着重介绍了近几年以来GJB 4239—2001《装备环境工程通用要求》在重点航空型号项目研制中的应用情况。最后,分别在环境分析、环境设计、环境试验,以及环境工程管理等四个方面分析了实际型号研制工作中工作项目、开展时机、输出形式所存在的突出问题,并给出了今后改进完善的建议。     

GJB 4239《装备环境工程通用要求》在直升机研制中的应用研究

根据直升机及直升机型号的特点,结合直升机环境工程及传统研制、设计经验,提出了直升机及直升机型号研制中贯彻GJB 4239的具体实施程序和方法,试图将GJB 4239的通用要求转化为直升机和直升机型号系统、部件/设备环境适应性分析、设计、试验及管理具体实用,易于操作的工程技术要求,并提出直升机研制中环境试验与评估的实施要求和方法。